Ustekinumab for anti-tumor necrosis factor refractory pediatric ulcerative colitis: a promising approach towards endoscopic healing

Background/Aims To describe the role of ustekinumab in inducing remission and endoscopic healing in anti-tumor necrosis factor α nonresponsive pediatric ulcerative colitis patients at a tertiary care inflammatory bowel disease center. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with ulcerative colitis receiving ustekinumab. Primary outcome was steroidfree clinical remission at follow-up. Secondary outcomes were biochemical remission and endoscopic healing. Results Ten children were analyzed; 7 (70%) had ulcerative colitis, and 3 (30%) had inflammatory bowel disease unspecified with colitis. Median follow-up period was 56 weeks. Nine patients (90%) achieved steroid-free clinical remission and biochemical remission. Seven patients had follow-up colonoscopies, out of which 6 (86%) achieved endoscopic remission, while 1 (14%) underwent colectomy. Out of the 3 patients without a follow-up colonoscopy, fecal calprotectin levels downtrended to < 150 mg/kg in 2 patients and < 400 mg/kg in 1 patient from baseline level of > 2,000 mg/kg. Conclusions Ustekinumab appears efficacious in achieving not only clinical and biochemical remission but also has promising role in inducing endoscopic healing end point in patients who fail other biologics.