Investigation of the risk factors associated with the failure of hepatitis B vaccination of neonates in Yunnan province, China

Objective: This study aimed to investigate HBsAg positive rates and risk factors of HBV infection among the children less than 15 years old in Yunnan province, a remote southwest part of mainland China. Methods: Multi-stage sampling was used to randomly select study subjects from 9,360,000 individuals. Hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and HBsAg positive rate were investigated, and then propensity score and generalized linear mixed model (GLMMs) were applied to the case-control study. Results: The average HBsAg positive rate was 1.81%, with 1.2% in urban areas and 2.4% in rural areas. Rate of first-dose-in-time in urban areas was 77.7%, obviously higher than 49.5% in rural areas (χ2 = 2811.71, P