The application of 3D-printed oral stents in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer and their dosimetric effect on organs at risk

Abstract Background This study investigates the accuracy of 3D-printed dental stents in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and their dosimetric effects on normal tissues. Methods We selected 60 patients with OPC who underwent IMRT in the Department of Oncology, Special Medical Center of Army Medical University. These patients were randomly assigned into 3D-printed oral stent, simple glass bottle, and nonstent groups (20 patients/group). The positioning error was analyzed with the onboard imaging system once a week after 5 fractions of IMRT. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), radiation dose of organs at risk (OARs), and oral mucosal reaction were compared among the three groups. Results No significant difference was observed in the conformity and uniformity of the target dose and the dose received by the spinal cord, larynx, and bilateral parotid glands among the three groups (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the dose received by the upper cheek, hard palate, and soft palate of patients was significantly lower in the 3D-printed oral stent group than in the nonstent group (P 0.05). When compared with the nonstent group, the simple glass bottle group showed a markedly lower dose received by the upper cheek (P 0.05). According to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.5.0, the adverse response rate of the hard palate mucosa was lower in the 3D-printed oral stent group than in the simple glass bottle and nonstent groups (P