RF-EMF Exposure Assessment of Fetus During the First Trimester of Pregnancy

This article describes the computational analysis of Radio Frequency - Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) exposure of Uterus-Fetus Units (UFUs) embedded inside the body of a 26 year old human female. Realistic UFU models are obtained from ultrasound images acquired for different fetuses and at specific development stages (7 weeks, 9 weeks and 11 weeks old), for which a deep-learning based segmentation method is developed. Each UFU model is then inserted into a computational electromagnetic model of a 26 year old female. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the fetus at commonly used wireless communication frequencies is estimated using a commercially available numerical electromagnetic solver. The Inverted F antenna (IFA), which is a commonly used mobile phone antenna was used as the excitation source. Fetus SAR values are reported for different combinations of excitation frequencies, phone positions and UFU ages. It was found that the fetus SAR for all the cases is well below the maximum allowable exposure limit of 80 mW/kg, as prescribed by ICNIRP. Furthermore, we replaced the embryo with uterus tissues and calculated the SAR in the uterus tissues (i.e. uterus tissues with same volume and shape, and at the same location as that of UFU). The uterus SAR values were found to be only marginally different from that of fetus SAR.