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Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

Authors :
Ishtiaq Ahmed
Saif Ur Rehman
Shiva Shahmohamadnejad
Muhammad Anjum Zia
Muhammad Ahmad
Muhammad Muzammal Saeed
Zain Akram
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Qingyou Liu
Source :
Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 11, p 3389 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14203049
Volume :
26
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Molecules
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.16086a6db4b942d68c4c759322396a73
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113389