Research Progress of Chromosome Doubling and 2n Gametes of Ornamental Plants

Polyploid plants, an important source for the selection of ornamental plants for their advantages of faster growth, higher yields, and stronger adaptability to an adverse environment, play an essential role in the development of economic plants for agricultural stress. The methodology has been improved to decrease blindness and increase the efficiency of ornamental plants’ polyploid breeding in the long term. The progress of research on ornamental plants related to natural polyploidy, chromosome doubling, the 2n gametes pathway, and plant ploidy identification are reviewed in this paper. The main routes in polyploid breeding are chromosome doubling and sexual hybridization. Screening of suitable induction methods and plant material should be enhanced in chromosome doubling to improve induction efficiency. Regarding polyploid breeding, the utilization and research on 2n gametes produced by natural conditions or artificial induction should be strengthened to shorten the breeding years. Therefore, further research should strengthen the combination of chromosome doubling and sexual hybridization to improve breeding efficiency and strengthen the research and application of polyploid plants. This thesis review provides some reference value for polyploid breeding in ornamental plants.