Flight hours, habit of eating sweet foods and the risk of hyperglycemia in civilian pilots in Indonesia

AbstrakLatar belakang: Hiperglikemi antara lain dapat menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit kardiovaskular yang dapat mengganggu kinerja seorang pilot sipil dalam keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor yang berperan terhadap risiko hiperglikemi.Metode: Subjek penelitian pada penelitian potong lintang ini dipilih secara purposif di antara pilot sipil lakilaki yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan (Balhatpen) Jakarta pada 28 Mei - 9 Juni 2013. Data demografi, kebiasaan, dan pekerjaan diperoleh dengan wawancara. Data kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) berasal dari laboratorium Balhatpen. Hiperglikemi jika kadar GDP 100-125 mg/dl, dan GDP normal adalah 70-99 mg/dl. Hasil:Selama 10 hari pengumpulan data terdapat 612 pilot sipil, 225 orang menjadi subjek penelitian, dan 31,2% di antaranya dengan hiperglikemi. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan 2 faktor dominan yaitu rerata jam terbang per tahun dan kebiasaan makan makanan manis yang mempertinggi risiko hiperglikemi. Pilot dengan rerata 1051-1130 jam terbang per tahun dibandingkan dengan 25 sampai 1050 jam per tahun berisiko 85% lebih tinggi hiperglikemia [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,85; P = 0,003]. Pilot sipil dengan kebiasaan makan makanan manis setiap hari dibandingkan dengan 0-4 kali/minggu berisiko 2 kali lipat hiperglikemia (RRa = 2,09; P = 0,002) Kesimpulan: Pilot sipil yang dengan rerata 1051-1130 jam terbang per tahun atau mempunyai kebiasaan makan makanan manis setiap hari mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi mengalami hiperglikemia. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:-)Kata kunci: hiperglikemi, jam terbang, kebiasaan makan, pilot sipil, IndonesiaAbstractBackground:Hyperglycemia can lead to long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease that might interfere the performance of civilian pilot. This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to the risk of hyperglycemia.Methods:The subjects of this cross-sectional study consisted of purposively selected male civilian pilots who underwent periodic medical check-up at the Aviation Medical Center in Jakarta on May 28 to June 9, 2013. Data on demographic, eating habits, and employment were collected through interviews. Data on fasting blood glucose levels was taken from the Center’s laboratory report. Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose levels of 100-125 mg/dl, while fasting blood glucose levels of 70-99 mg/dl was normal. Results:During the 10 days of data collection there were 612 pilots, with 225 pilots willing to participate in this study. This study reveals 31.2% civilian pilots had hyperglycemia. Average flight hours per year and habit of eating sweets every day were dominant factors related to the risk of hyperglycemia. Those who had 1051 to 1130 hours than 25 to 1050 hours flight hours per year had almost 85% increase risk to be hyperglycemic [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.85; P = 0.003]. Furthermore, those with the habit of eating sweet food everyday compared to 0 to 4 times per week had a 2-fold increased risk to be hyperglycemic (RRa = 2.09; P = 0.002). Conclusion:Average flight hours of 1051 to 1130 hours per year and the habit of eating sweet foods every day increased the risk of hyperglycemia. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:-)Key words: hyperglycemia, flight hours, eating habits, civilian pilot, Indonesia