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Third time's a charm: diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis after two negative polymerase chain reaction results
- Source :
- Heliyon, Vol 6, Iss 6, Pp e04247- (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a sensitive and specific method in diagnosing herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. However there are increasing reports of false negative HSV PCR. Case description: We present a patient in the 9th decade of life with abnormal behavior and focal seizures with MRI showing a right temporal T2 hyperintense non-enhancing lesion with electrographic evidence of right lateralized periodic discharges. CSF analysis and PCR for HSV-1 and 2 yielded negative results twice, and therefore acyclovir was discontinued. Patient initially improved following correction of hyponatremia. Patient however deteriorated and imaging revealed a new right parietal lesion. Third CSF sample showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with positive HSV-1 PCR. Patient improved following antiviral treatment. Discussion: Acyclovir treatment should continue in high clinical suspicion scenarios despite negative HSV PCR. We further discuss causes of PCR false negatives and challenges it poses for patient care.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 24058440
- Volume :
- 6
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Heliyon
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.147cb0505475788526e1023446c95
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04247