Performance Assessment of Existing Asphalt Pavement in China’s Highway Reconstruction and Expansion Project Based on Coupling Weighting Method and Cloud Model Theory

In China, a substantial portion of highway asphalt pavements are no longer capable of accommodating increasing traffic volumes and necessitate renovation and expansion. Prior to commencing such activities, it is crucial to evaluate the performance of the existing asphalt pavements. This study developed a novel normal cloud framework integrating a comprehensive weighted indicator system for existing asphalt pavement. Five key performance indicators including riding quality index (RQI), rutting area ratio (Rr), cracking area ratio (Cr), patching area ratio (Pr), and pavement structural strength index (PSSI) were selected to holistically represent the pavement condition in highway renovation and expansion projects. Subsequently, a method was proposed to determine the weights of these indicators by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy. A normal cloud model was constructed to address data characteristics and representation of indicator fuzziness/randomness through digital cloud modeling. The model was applied to 12 sections of the Jingjintang Expressway (Tianjin section). The results revealed only one section where the normal cloud model differed from the pavement maintenance quality assessment (PQI) model. The 3D ground-penetrating radar detection results of this different section indicated that the normal cloud model more closely aligned with the road structure condition. Compared to absolute pass/fail criteria of the traditional PQI model, the cloud model offered enhanced sensitivity to define graded condition assessments essential for reconstruction planning and decision analysis. Therefore, the normal cloud model is more suitable for assessing the performance of existing asphalt pavements in highway reconstruction and extension projects compared to the PQI model.