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How Does Protein Nutrition Affect the Epigenetic Changes in Pig? A Review

Authors :
Pablo Jesús Marín-García
Lola Llobat
Source :
Animals, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 544 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Epigenetic changes regulate gene expression and depend of external factors, such as environment and nutrition. In pigs, several studies on protein nutrition have been performed to improve productive and reproductive traits. Indeed, these studies aimed not only to determine broad protein requirements but also pigs’ essential amino acids requirements. Moreover, recent studies tried to determine these nutritional requirements for each individual, which is known as protein precision nutrition. However, nutritional changes could affect different epigenetic mechanisms, modifying metabolic pathways both in a given individual and its offspring. Modifications in protein nutrition, such as change in the amino acid profile, increase or decrease in protein levels, or the addition of metabolites that condition protein requirements, could affect the regulation of some genes, such as myostatin, insulin growth factor, or genes controlling cholesterol and glucose metabolism pathways. This review summarizes the impact of most common protein nutritional strategies on epigenetic changes and describes their effects on regulation of gene expression in pigs. In a context where animal nutrition is shifting towards precision protein nutrition (PPN), further studies evaluating the effects of PPN on animal epigenetic are necessary.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762615
Volume :
11
Issue :
2
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Animals
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.126296b31a4549f385d848ed4a10049c
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020544