Pathogenesis of Odontogenic Tumour via Altered Signalling Pathways: A Comprehensive Review

Odontogenic tumours, derived from the epithelial, ectomesenchymal, and/or mesenchymal elements of the tooth-forming apparatus, constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions that include both benign and malignant neoplasms with metastatic capabilities. Several signalling pathways are involved in odontogenesis, with three major pathways being the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and Wnt signalling pathways. Understanding the biological behaviour of various odontogenic tumours is fundamentally important for determining the overall outcome. This review discusses the pathogenesis of various odontogenic tumours.