Back to Search Start Over

Hypoxia-adenosinergic regulation of B cell responses

Authors :
Layne Pruitt
Robert K. Abbott
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 15 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024.

Abstract

Hypoxic microenvironments induce widespread metabolic changes that have been shown to be critical in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Hypoxia-induced changes include the generation of extracellular adenosine followed by subsequent signaling through adenosine receptors on immune cells. This evolutionarily conserved “hypoxia-adenosinergic” pathway of hypoxia → extracellular adenosine → adenosine receptor signaling has been shown to be critical in limiting and redirecting T cell responses including in tumor microenvironments and the gut mucosa. However, the question of whether hypoxic microenvironments are involved in the development of B cell responses has remained unexplored until recently. The discovery that germinal centers (GC), the anatomic site in which B cells undergo secondary diversification and affinity maturation, develop a hypoxic microenvironment has sparked new interest in how this evolutionarily conserved pathway affects antibody responses. In this review we will summarize what is known about hypoxia-adenosinergic microenvironments in lymphocyte development and ongoing immune responses. Specific focus will be placed on new developments regarding the role of the hypoxia-adenosinergic pathway in regulating GC development and humoral immunity.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
15
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.115076e52a6c45adb54fb3827fcf4051
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1478506