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Extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer immune escape: Emerging roles and mechanisms

Authors :
Chunping Liu
Dongyue He
Longmei Li
Shihui Zhang
Lei Wang
Zhijin Fan
Yichao Wang
Source :
Pharmacological Research, Vol 183, Iss , Pp 106364- (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Elsevier, 2022.

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options. Despite great progress in clinical trials of immunotherapies for various cancers, their effectiveness in PC is very low, indicating that immune evasion is still a major obstacle to immunotherapy in PC. However, the mechanism of immune escape in PC is not fully understood, which substantially restricts the development of immunotherapy. As an important component of intercellular communication networks, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted increasing attention in relation to immune escape. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the roles of EVs in tumor immune escape and the potential to expand their application in cancer immunotherapy. The relationship between PC and the tumor immune microenvironment is briefly introduced. Then, the mechanism by which EVs are involved in immune regulation is summarized, and the latest progress in determining the role of EVs in regulating PC immune escape is highlighted.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
10961186 and 89473132
Volume :
183
Issue :
106364-
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Pharmacological Research
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.0feb2bae2aa94e91a2e5497f89473132
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106364