Emerging South African smart cities: Data security and privacy risks and challenges

Background: Smart cities leverage advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth generation (5G) networks, and data analytics to enhance citizens’ quality of life, focussing on creating efficient, functional, and eco-friendly urban environments. While these initiatives offer significant benefits, there are ongoing concerns about data security and privacy. Objectives: This article investigates the data security and privacy risks and challenges in emerging South African smart cities. The objectives are to identify these risks, assess the effectiveness of current security measures, and contextualise these vulnerabilities within the South African and global contexts. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted, involving virtual interviews with 20 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) through purposive and snowball sampling. The raw data were thematically analysed, revealing significant themes. Results: Emerging South African smart cities face several risks and challenges, including poor governance, a shortage of skills, a lack of awareness and training, insufficient funding, and a combination of these factors. Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of safeguarding individuals’ data and privacy in the context of smart cities, advocating the need for proactive measures to address these concerns. Contribution: This article promotes interdisciplinary dialogue, leading to more comprehensive solutions. In addition, exploring data security and privacy in emerging smart cities aids in understanding the implications of information management practices. Although the article focuses on emerging South African smart cities, the challenges discussed have global relevance.