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Crime Risk Stations: Examining Spatiotemporal Influence of Urban Features through Distance-Aware Risk Signal Functions

Authors :
Tugrul Cabir Hakyemez
Bertan Badur
Source :
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 472 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Static indicators may fail to capture spatiotemporal differences in the spatial influence of urban features on different crime types. In this study, with a base station analogy, we introduced crime risk stations that conceptualize the spatial influence of urban features as crime risk signals broadcasted throughout a coverage area. We operationalized these risk signals with two novel risk scores, risk strength and risk intensity, obtained from novel distance-aware risk signal functions. With a crime-specific spatiotemporal approach, through a spatiotemporal influence analysis we examined and compared these risk scores for different crime types across various spatiotemporal models. Using a correlation analysis, we examined their relationships with concentrated disadvantage. The results showed that bus stops had relatively lower risk intensity, but higher risk strength, while fast-food restaurants had a higher risk intensity, but a lower risk strength. The correlation analysis identified elevated risk intensity and strength around gas stations in disadvantaged areas during late-night hours and weekends. The results provided empirical evidence for a dynamic spatial influence that changes across space, time, and crime type. The proposed risk functions and risk scores could help in the creation of spatiotemporal crime hotspot maps across cities by accurately quantifying crime risk around urban features.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
22209964
Volume :
10
Issue :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.0def780207745bdbf885195f94ce27c
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070472