Experimental analysis of heat exchanger using perforated conical rings, twisted tape inserts and CuO/H2O nanofluids

This research paper presents an experimental analysis on a heat exchanger tube using a newly designed perforated conical ring combined with twisted tape as inserts. The investigation analyzes various geometric and flow parameters in the experimental setup, including a wide range of Reynolds numbers, varying from 6000 to 30000, nanoparticle volume concentration (φnp) of 0.25-1.0%, the ratio of inlet flow dia to inner print dia of the ring (DIR/DBR) of 1.33-2.33, ring pitch ratio (RP/ DED) of 1.41-2.51, twist ratio (TL/ WT) of 3.33-4.38, with fixed values for other parameters: relative ring height ((DED/ WR) of 2.33 and nanoparticle diameter (dnp) of 30 nm. The optimal result of the thermal-hydraulic performance parameter (ηTT) is 1.45 at DIR/DBR = 1.83, TL/ WT = 3.50 and RP/ DED = 1.76. For the CuO/H2O nanofluids flow heat exchanger tube with perforated conical rings, empirical correlations were developed for the Nusselt number and the friction factor. These correlations were established with a range of 9.0% and 8.0%, respectively.