Uji antibakteri ekstrak daun singkong (manihot esculenta crantz) terhadap fusobacterium nucleatum dan aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Antibacterial activity test of cassava leaves extract (manihot esculenta crantz) against fusobacterium nucleatum and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Prevalensi periodontitis di Indonesia masih terbilang tinggi. Data Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan persentase kasus periodontitis di Indonesia sebesar 74,1%. Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi pada jaringan periodontal yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme spesifik seperti Fusobacterium nucleatum dan Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Perawatan suportif menggunakan antibiotik, seperti metronidazole, diperlukan dalam perawatan periodontitis tetapi penggunaan antibiotik dapat memberikan efek samping sehingga perlu digantikan oleh tanaman herbal yang memiliki efek samping minimal, yaitu daun singkong (Manihot esculenta crantz). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya antibakteri ekstrak daun singkong terhadap Fusobacterium nucleatum dan Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Metode: Jenis penelitian in vitro experimental laboratories dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Daun singkong yang sudah teridentifikasi di ekstrak dengan metode maserasi. Ekstrak kasar yang didapatkan kemudian dijadikan ke dalam beberapa dosis (6,25; 12,5; 25; 50; 100; dan 200 µg/mL). Kelompok dosis tersebut kemudian diuji menggunakan metode disk diffusion dan dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif yaitu metronidazole dan kontrol negatif yaitu propilen glikol.Data hasil penelitian diuji normalitasnya menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk dan uji homogenitas menggunakan Levene test. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji Mann Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan antara dua kelompok sampel. Hasil: Terdapat zona jernih pada sekeliling kertas cakram dengan ekstrak daun singkong dosis 200 µg/mL yang menandakan adanya hambatan pertumbuhan dari F. nucleatum dan A. actinomycetemcomitans. Hasil statistik terlihat adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok ekstrak daun singkong dosis 200 µg/mL dan kontrol positif (p=0,009) untuk F. Nucleatum, dan p=0,05 untuk A. actinomycetemcomitans. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun singkong dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dari F. nucleatum dan A. actinomycetemcomitans. Kata kunci: ekstrak daun singkong; fusobacterium nucleatum; aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; antibakteri ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is relatively high. The 2018 RISKESDAS data shows that the percentage of periodontitis cases in Indonesia is 74.1%. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissue caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Supportive care using antibiotics, such as metronidazole, is required to treat periodontitis. However, antibiotics can have side effects, so they need to be replaced by herbal plants with minimal side effects, namely cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz). This study aims to analyze the antibacterial effect of cassava leaf extract against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: This study was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. The identified cassava leaves were extracted by the maceration method. The crude extract obtained was then made into several doses. The dose group was then tested using the disk diffusion method and compared with the positive control, metronidazole, and the negative control, propylene glycol.The research data were tested for normality using the Shapiro Wilk test and the homogeneity test using the Levene test. Then the Mann Whitney test was carried out to see the difference between the two sample groups Results: The results showed a clear zone around the disc paper with a 200 µg/ml dose of cassava leaf extract, which indicates the growth inhibition of F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The statistical results showed a significant difference between the 200 µg/ml group and the positive control(p= 0,009 for F. Nucleatum; p=0,05 for A. actinomycetemcomitans). Conclusion: Cassava leaves extract can inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Keywords: cassava leaf extract; fusobacterium nucleatum; aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; antibacterial