Correlation of morphology, rheology, and impact strength in compatibilized polypropylene/ polybutadiene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates

This research aims to determine and quantify the radiation shielding characteristics of high-density polyethylene/ tungsten oxide (HDPE/WO3) nanocomposites including the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL) for photons at various energies using Geant4, XCOM, and experiment. Thus, HDPE was chosen as the polymer matrix. Then, the samples at various concentrations of WO3 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9.5 wt.%), different graphene oxide (GO) weight percentages (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt.%), and 10 and 20 wt.% linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were fabricated. An NaI (Tl) scintillation detector was used to measure the shielding quantities using the 201Tl, and 99mTc sources at three energies of 135, 140, and 167 keV. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of GO and LLDPE to the HDPE matrix resulted in a more uniform sample. Incorporating 20% LLDPE into the HDPE polymer matrix for the 99mTc resulted in an 18% rise in μ compared to pure HDPE. Finally, the experimental results revealed a comparatively good agreement with the Geant4 and XCOM simulations.