Incidence and Pattern of Mandibular Impacted 3rd Molars and Their Relationship with the Mandibular Canal in Population of Jizan Province of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Introduction: Impacted mandibular third molars pose challenges in dental practice, often requiring surgical intervention. This retrospective study aims to analyze the demographics, impaction patterns, and anatomical relationships of impacted mandibular third molars among Saudi patients. Methodology: Data from 722 patients visiting the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences at Jizan University were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters including gender distribution, impaction types, relationship with the mandibular canal, and age demographics were evaluated based on panoramic radiographs. Results: Bilateral impaction predominated (57.59%), with mesioangular impaction being the most common (46.51%). Gender differences were noted in impaction types and relationships with the mandibular canal. Interruption of white lines of the canal was more frequent in males (70.00%). Early adulthood (20-25 years) exhibited the highest prevalence of impaction. Conclusion: The study provides insights into the demographics and characteristics of impacted mandibular third molars among Saudi patients. Gender-specific variations and age distribution underscore the importance of tailored treatment approaches and early intervention.