Three-dimensionality in vertebral pathology: the horizontal plane is hidden in every scoliotic deformity

The main idea of the paper is that any scoliotic deformity of the spine is a deformity primarily occurring in the sagittal plane. This statement is confirmed by anatomical and clinical data, results of the use of imaging techniques, and biomechanical data. The proposed concept significantly affects the solution of strategic and technical problems in the course of both conservative and surgical treatment of patients with scoliosis. It should be realized that scoliotic deformity is a compensatory response within the balance chain to a rotational phenomenon occurring in the frontal plane. The goal of the doctor is to achieve the balance of the patient's body through understanding its three-dimensionality and realizing the importance of taking into account the horizontal plane.