Experiment study on overdepth coefficient of the cut hole in coal mine roadway excavation blasting

In rocky road drilling and blasting in coal mines, the key to work efficiency is cutting. Although blast hole depth has steadily increased with increasing rocky road excavation activities, the cut hole depth is still ordinarily shallow, which is normally kept at 200 mm or less. Using an intelligent design system, a key technology, and equipment matching research of a drilling and blasting method in the Huainan mining area as the engineering background, this paper conducts research on the overdepth coefficient of cutting holes and the optimization of cutting-blasting parameters, aiming at the excessive number of full section blast holes in the mining area and the randomness and irrationality of blast hole layout. The overdepth coefficient, η, was obtained by theoretical derivation, numerical modeling, field testing, and monitoring. Based on this, the coincidence degree of fracture area, φ, is also introduced. This paper analyzes the rock stress state and stress wave attenuation phenomenon during blasting with different overdepths, establishes the relationship between the overdepth and stress between cut holes, determines the calculation formula and value range of the key parameters of the cut cavity, and investigates whether there is an optimal cut hole overdepth coefficient. The coincidence degree with fracture area increases the explosive blasting energy utilization rate and provides a theoretical basis for decreasing the charge and number of holes while retaining the blasting impact. The propagation law of explosion stress wave and the distribution and evolution law of effective stress in rock mass during overdepth blasting of cutting holes at different depths are explored using LS-DYNA numerical simulation, and the variation characteristics of stress wave intensity at different overdepth stress measuring points are compared, based on the geomechanical parameters of surrounding rock in Gubei Coal Mine. The effect of varying cut hole depths on the free surface after blasting and the blasting effect is revealed; overdepth blasting schemes of 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm are applied to the rocky road excavation site. The blasting effect indicators such as single cycle footage, blast hole utilization rate, explosive unit consumption, block rate of each overdepth blasting scheme, and ordinary blasting scheme are compared, and the effect of different overdepths on the quality and effect of cutting-blasting is compared and analyzed. On this premise, the blast hole layout is refined further, the number of blast holes is reduced, and the optimal blasting scheme is determined. The results show that the coincidence degree of fracture area increases as the overdepth coefficient increases, and the blast hole utilization rate initially increases and then decreases as the overdepth coefficient increases, between 0.17 and 0.22, causing the blast hole utilization rate to the peak. This theory proposes a novel approach to increasing the blast hole utilization rate. When the depth of the overdepth is 400 mm, The blasting energy is primarily used to create a crack area around the cut hole, which provides enough free surface for the subsequent central hole and auxiliary hole blasting, reduces the difficulty of rock breaking, increases the volume of the blasting chamber, and facilitates subsequent rock throwing. Simultaneously, the effective stress of each measuring point decays slowly with time, the average stress is higher, and the tensile fracture effect of the stress wave on the surrounding rocks increases and prolongs, creating a complete and even rock mass fracture. The blast hole utilization rate reaches the maximum of 95.2%, the bulk rate and explosive unit consumption are significantly reduced, the rate of half-hole mark rate is significantly increased, and the road construction quality is good. It demonstrates that ultra-deep blasting can enhance not only the blast hole utilization rate but also the blasting impact and road construction quality, which has some guiding significance for the parameter optimization of rocky road drilling and blasting construction.