Management of liabilities in the process of assessing the creditworthiness of an enterprise: accounting and information aspect

The article considers the role of liabilities in the formation of assets used as resources of creditors for carrying out economic activities of an enterprise. A content analysis of the existing definitions of the content of liabilities in the legal and accounting aspects at the level of national and international regulations and in the scientific literature is carried out. Based on the terminological analysis, it is substantiated that a liability is a present obligation of an entity arising from past events to perform a certain action in favor of another party to transfer assets to it which embody economic benefits corresponding to the value of liabilities reflected as a credit balance of analytical accounting bills. The life cycle of an enterprise’s liabilities in terms of the processes of their formation, investment and repayment is studied. In order to assess the creditworthiness of an enterprise, it is important to properly account for liabilities and reflect them in the balance sheet in accordance with the classification features of determination in time and the characteristics of the subjects of relations. The author determines the types of liabilities that should be classified when assessing creditworthiness as an important factor in the economic security of an enterprise. The author substantiates the need to improve accounting and financial reporting on the company's liabilities in the context of streamlining the content of accounting bills in accordance with the first section of the balance sheet liability, changing the structural composition of information of accounts 47 «Provision for future expenses and payments» and 43 «Reserve capital», reflecting tax differences on income tax in the calculation of financial results and disclosing data on liabilities in the Notes to the financial statements in terms of the list and amounts of liabilities included in the balance sheet items.