A Study of Wind Stress Effects on the Vertical Eddy Viscosity Coefficient Using the Ekman Model with Data Assimilation

The vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (VEVC) is an important parameter used in ocean dynamics studies to describe the intensity of mixing in the vertical direction and the process of momentum transport. In this paper, an adjoint assimilation method was used to invert the VEVC, based on the Ekman model, with the measured wind field and current data. The main purpose was to study the effect of changes in the background wind field on VEVC, and thus investigate the role of wind stress in the inversion process. The results indicated that the inverse vertical eddy viscosity coefficient increased slightly at the surface layer, reaching its maximum at around 10–12 m, and then decreased monotonically with depth. The maximum VEVC value corresponds to different depths for different wind speed ranges. Additionally, wind steering could affect the VEVC inversion curve, causing it to deviate from the general trend. The kinetic energy ratio increased with depth, peaked at 18–20 m, and then rapidly decreased to nearly zero beyond 24 m. The impact of wind field strength and steering on VEVC was observed in the kinetic energy ratio curve, which confirms the speculative wind stress effect. This study revealed the characteristics and mechanisms of VEVC in coastal waters under different wind conditions, which could provide a reference for further research on physical oceanography.