Development of a Public Diplomacy Model for Kazakhstan through the Analysis of the International Political Activity of the USA and China

Investigating the practices of the United States of America and China as pillars of two opposing models of diplomatic activity is useful and relevant in the light of the development of new strategies for public activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the implementation of best practices in the political sector of the state. The purpose of this study was to determine the best way to develop the model of public diplomacy for Kazakhstan by investigating the features and establishing the specifics of democratic and authoritarian methods of conducting international relations in the 21st century using evidence from the USA and China. The main method of scientific cognition used in this study was the method of system analysis, using which the following tasks were completed: the stages of public diplomacy of the United States and China were investigated, their specifics and orientation were determined; the effectiveness of two models of political activity was summed up, proceeding from the results of which relevant solutions for updating the diplomatic doctrine of Kazakhstan were presented. The study results included the coverage of the specifics and methods of American and Chinese diplomatic activities; summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the democratic and authoritarian model of international political activity of the two countries; finding the best mechanisms, tools, and methods for introducing them into the diplomatic practice of Kazakhstan.