Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 10.72 million women

Abstract Background The incidence of breast cancer among Chinese women has gradually increased in recent years. This study aims to analyze the situation of breast cancer screening programs in China and compare the cancer detection rates (CDRs), early-stage cancer detection rates (ECDRs), and the proportions of early-stage cancer among different programs. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in multiple literature databases. Studies that were published between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2023 were retrieved. A random effects model was employed to pool the single group rate, and subgroup analyses were carried out based on screening model, time, process, age, population, and follow-up method. Results A total of 35 studies, including 47 databases, satisfied the inclusion criteria. Compared with opportunistic screening, the CDR (1.32‰, 95% CI: 1.10‰–1.56‰) and the ECDR (0.82‰, 95% CI: 0.66‰–0.99‰) were lower for population screening, but the proportion of early-stage breast cancer (80.17%, 95% CI: 71.40%–87.83%) was higher. In subgroup analysis, the CDR of population screening was higher in the urban group (2.28‰, 95% CI: 1.70‰–2.94‰), in the breast ultrasonography (BUS) in parallel with mammography (MAM) group (3.29‰, 95% CI: 2.48‰–4.21‰), and in the second screening follow-up group (2.47‰, 95% CI: 1.64‰–3.47‰), and the proportion of early-stage breast cancer was 85.70% (95% CI: 68.73%–97.29%), 88.18% (95% CI: 84.53%–91.46%), and 90.05% (95% CI: 84.07%–94.95%), respectively. Conclusion There were significant differences between opportunistic and population screening programs. The results of these population screening studies were influenced by the screening process, age, population, and follow-up method. In the future, China should carry out more high-quality and systematic population-based screening programs to improve screening coverage and service.