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Apoptosis and Inflammation Involved with Fluoride-Induced Bone Injuries

Authors :
Miao Wang
Kangting Luo
Tongtong Sha
Qian Li
Zaichao Dong
Yanjie Dou
Huanxia Zhang
Guoyu Zhou
Yue Ba
Fangfang Yu
Source :
Nutrients, Vol 16, Iss 15, p 2500 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Background: Excessive fluoride exposure induces skeletal fluorosis, but the specific mechanism responsible is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the pathogenesis of fluoride-induced bone injuries. Methods: We systematically searched fluoride-induced bone injury-related genes from five databases. Then, these genes were subjected to enrichment analyses. A TF (transcription factor)–mRNA–miRNA network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed using Cytoscape, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was used to screen the expression of key proteins. The candidate pharmacological targets were predicted using the Drug Signature Database. Results: A total of 85 studies were included in this study, and 112 osteoblast-, 35 osteoclast-, and 41 chondrocyte-related differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the Atf4, Bcl2, Col1a1, Fgf21, Fgfr1 and Il6 genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway of osteoblasts, Mmp9 and Mmp13 genes were enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway of osteoclasts, and Bmp2 and Bmp7 genes were enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway of chondrocytes. With the use of the TF–mRNA–miRNA network, the Col1a1, Bcl2, Fgfr1, Mmp9, Mmp13, Bmp2, and Bmp7 genes were identified as the key regulatory factors. Selenium methyl cysteine, CGS-27023A, and calcium phosphate were predicted to be the potential drugs for skeletal fluorosis. Conclusions: These results suggested that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway being involved in the apoptosis of osteoblasts, with the IL-17 and the TGF-beta signaling pathways being involved in the inflammation of osteoclasts and chondrocytes in fluoride-induced bone injuries.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
16
Issue :
15
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.00bcbcaee8924fab965a76afe8241faa
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152500