Solar Energetic Particle Events and Radio Bursts

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) and radio bursts are indicators of particle acceleration on the Sun and in the heliosphere. The accelerated particles have energies significantly higher than thermal particles up to several orders of magnitude. SEPs are detected directly by particle detectors on Earth and in space. Understanding SEPs is important from both science and application points of view because they are poorly understood and present space weather hazard to humans and their technology in space. SEPs accompany energetic flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and intense radio bursts, which help us understand particle properties such as intensity, spectra, and time evolution. This paper summarizes how SEP properties are closely related to solar eruptions and the associated solar radio bursts.
Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, Proc. UN/Germany workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative: Preparing for the Solar Maximum, 10-14 June, 2024, Neustrelitz, Germany. Eds. N. Gopalswamy, D. Bany\'s, S. Gadimova, Springer Proceedings in Physics