Necessary conditions for the optimal control of a shape optimization problem with non-smooth PDE constraints

This paper is concerned with the derivation of necessary conditions for the optimal shape of a design problem governed by a non-smooth PDE. The main particularity thereof is the lack of differentiability of the nonlinearity in the state equation, which, at the same time, is solved on an unknown domain. We follow the functional variational approach introduced in [37] where the set of admissible shapes is parametrized by a large class of continuous mappings. It has been recently established [4] that each parametrization associated to an optimal shape is the limit of a sequence of global optima of minimization problems with convex admissible set consisting of functions. Though non-smooth, these problems allow for the derivation of an optimality system equivalent with the first order necessary optimality condition [5]. In the present manuscript we let the approximation parameter vanish therein. The final necessary conditions for the non-smooth shape optimization problem consist of an adjoint equation, a limit gradient equation that features a measure concentrated on the boundary of the optimal shape and, because of the non-smoothness, an inclusion that involves its Clarke subdifferential.
Comment: 26 pages; related to arXiv:2406.15146v2 and arXiv:2407.06726