Exceptional features in nonlinear Hermitian systems

Non-Hermitian systems and their topological singularities, such as exceptional points (EPs), lines, and surfaces, have recently attracted intense interest. The investigation of these exceptional constituents has led to fruitful applications. The responsivity of the eigenvalue diverges at EPs, and chiral state transfer occurs when encircling an EP. Traditionally, it was believed that these exceptional features were unique to non-Hermitian systems requiring gain, loss, or nonreciprocal hopping. Here, we show that these exceptional features are also present in nonlinear Hermitian systems. We consider two coupled resonators with Kerr nonlinearity in one resonator, and no non-Hermitian terms. We identify EP-like points (ELPs) on the eigenspectra where the critical behaviors are the same as those of typical EPs. Additionally, this nonlinear Hermitian system can be mapped to linear non-Hermitian systems, with ELPs corresponding to EPs. We also demonstrate that encirclement around an ELP in the parameter space leads to unique chiral state transfer behavior.
Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures and 43 references