Explicit Hamiltonian representations of meromorphic connections and duality from different perspectives: a case study

In this article, we propose the explicit studies of $\hbar$-deformed meromorphic connections in $\mathfrak{gl}_3(\mathbb{C})$ with an unramified irregular pole at infinity of order $r_\infty=3$ and its spectral dual corresponding to the $\mathfrak{gl}_2(\mathbb{C})$ Painlev\'{e} $4$ Lax pair with one vanishing monodromy at the finite pole. Using the apparent singularities and their dual partners on the spectral curves as Darboux coordinates, we obtain the Hamiltonian evolutions, their reductions to only one non-trivial direction, the Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno tau-functions, the fundamental symplectic two-forms and some associated Hermitian matrix models on both sides. We then prove that the spectral duality connecting both sides extends to all these aspects as an explicit illustration of generalized Harnad's duality. We finally propose a conjecture relating the Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno differential as the $\hbar=0$ evaluation of the Hamiltonian differential in these Darboux coordinates that could provide insights on the geometric interpretation of the $\hbar$ formal parameter.
Comment: 66 pages, 2 figures