Shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma at finite temperature and chemical potential and QCD phase transitions

We explore the shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the full QCD phase diagram within the framework of kinetic theory with the relaxation time approximation based on the $2 \leftrightarrow 2$ elastic scatterings of quark quasiparticles. The temperature and chemical potential dependent masses of particles, including $u, d, s$ quarks, their antiparticles, and exchanged mesons, are calculated in the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona Lasinio (PNJL) model. The results indicate that, at small chemical potential, the value of $\eta/s$ has a minimum near the Mott dissociation of mesons and increases rapidly in the lower-temperature side of the chiral crossover phase transition. At large chemical potential (high density), $\eta/s$ in the QGP phase is dominated by the temperature, and the value of $\eta/s$ is greatly enhanced at lower temperature. At intermediate temperature and chemical potential near the QCD phase transition, the situation is relatively complicated. The behavior of $\eta/s$ is influenced by the competition between temperature, density effect, and QCD phase transition.
Comment: 12pages, 10 figures