Expansion of the Universe

I review the use of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the 1998 discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe, as well as the subsequent use of SNe Ia to study the expansion history in more detail, determine the equation-of-state parameter w, and measure the current value of the Hubble constant. This is the lightly edited transcript of a lecture given at the Standard Model at 50 Symposium held at Case Western University, June 1-4, 2018, and thus corresponds to the state of the field in mid-2018; however, a few post-symposium updates were included in 2019. Also, this version includes at the end a brief update (December 2023) on the early-time vs. late-time Hubble tension, which has now reached a level of 5 sigma based on SNe Ia alone and is supported by several other low-redshift determinations of the Hubble constant.
Comment: 20 pages, 26 figures. The official Proceedings should eventually be published by Cambridge University Press; however, since this has not yet occurred after several years of delays, the lecture is now being made available on arXiv; it includes a brief update on the Hubble tension, at the end