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Charge-4$e$ Superconductivity in a Hubbard model
- Source :
- Phys. Rev. B 109, 214509, 2024
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- A phase of matter in which fermion quartets form a superconducting condensate, rather than the paradigmatic Cooper pairs, is a recurrent subject of experimental and theoretical studies. However, a comprehensive microscopic understanding of charge-4$e$ superconductivity as a quantum phase is lacking. Here, we propose and study a two-orbital tight-binding model with attractive Hubbard-type interactions. Such a model naturally provides the Bose-Einstein condensate as a limit for electron quartets and supports charge-4$e$ superconductivity, as we show by mapping it to a spin-1/2 chain in this perturbative limit. Using both exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group calculations for the one-dimensional case, we further establish that the ground state is indeed a superfluid phase of 4$e$ charge carriers and that this phase can be stabilized well beyond the perturbative regime. Importantly, we demonstrate that 4$e$ condensation dominates over 2$e$ condensation even for nearly decoupled orbitals, a scenario suitable for experiments with ultracold atoms in the form of almost decoupled chains. Our model paves the way for both experimental and theoretical exploration of 4$e$ superconductivity and provides a natural starting point for future studies beyond one dimension or more intricate 4$e$ states.
Details
- Database :
- arXiv
- Journal :
- Phys. Rev. B 109, 214509, 2024
- Publication Type :
- Report
- Accession number :
- edsarx.2312.13348
- Document Type :
- Working Paper
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.214509