$ \Delta $ baryon spectroscopy in lattice QCD

A variational analysis is performed within the framework of lattice QCD to extract the masses of the spin-3/2 positive parity $ \Delta^+ $ baryons, including radial excitations. $2+1$ flavour dynamical gauge-field configurations provided by the PACS-CS collaboration via the ILDG are considered. To improve our interpolator basis, we perform an iterative process of source and sink smearing and solve a generalised eigenvalue problem using the resulting fermion operators. We obtain a clear signal for the ground and first excited states at a light quark mass corresponding to $ m_\pi = 413 $ MeV. Furthermore, we show that one can use the eigenvectors obtained in this method to investigate the nature of these states, allowing us to classify our results as $ 1s $ and $ 2s $ states for the ground and first excited states respectively. Finally, we briefly highlight the method of Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory which can be used to make comparison with quark model expectations.
Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to a special issue of Few Body Systems: "Emergence and Structure of Baryons -- Selected Contributions from the International Conference Baryons 2022"