Rise and fall of entanglement between two qubits in a non-Markovian bath

We analyse the dynamics of quantum correlations between two qubits coupled to a linear chain of oscillators. The chain mediates interactions between the qubits and acts as a non-Markovian reservoir. The the model is amenable to an analytical solution when the initial state of the chain is Gaussian}. We study the dynamics of the qubits concurrence starting from a separable state and assuming that the chain spectrum is gapped {and the chain is initially in a thermal state. We identify three relevant regimes that depend on the strength of the qubit-chain coupling in relation to the spectral gap. These are (i) the weak coupling regime, where the qubits are entangled at the asymptotics; (ii) the strong coupling regime, where the concurrence can exhibit collapses followed by revivals with exponentially attenuated amplitude; and (iii) the thermal damping regime, where the concurrence rapidly vanishes due to the chain's thermal excitations. In all cases, if entanglement is generated, this occurs after a finite time has elapsed. This time scale depends exponentially on the qubits distance and is determined by the spectral properties of the chain. Entanglement irreversible decay, on the other hand, is due to the dissipative effect induced by the coupling with the chain and is controlled by the coupling strength between the chain and qubits. This study unravels the basic mechanisms leading to entanglement in a non-Markovian bath and allows to identify the key resources for realising quantum coherent dynamics of open systems.
Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. A