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Thermally-driven phase transitions in freestanding low-buckled silicene, germanene, and stanene
- Source :
- Phys. Rev. Materials 7, 054008 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Low-buckled silicene, germanene, and stanene are group$-IV$ graphene allotropes. They form a honeycomb lattice out of two interpenetrating ($A$ and $B$) triangular sublattices that are vertically separated by a small distance $\Delta_z$. The atomic numbers $Z$ of silicon, germanium, and tin are larger to carbon's ($Z_C=6$), making them the first experimentally viable two-dimensional topological insulators. Those materials have a twice-energy-degenerate atomistic structure characterized by the buckling direction of the $B$ sublattice with respect to the $A$ sublattice [whereby the $B-$atom either protrudes {\em above} ($\Delta_z>0$) or {\em below} ($\Delta_z<0$) the $A-$atoms], and the consequences of that energy degeneracy on their elastic and electronic properties have not been reported thus far. Here, we uncover {\em ferroelastic, bistable} behavior on silicene, which turns into an {\em average} planar structure at about 600 K. Further, the creation of electron and hole puddles obfuscates the zero-temperature SOC induced band gaps at temperatures as low as 200 K, which may discard silicene as a viable two-dimensional topological insulator for room temperature applications. Germanene, on the other hand, never undergoes a low-buckled to planar 2D transformation, becoming amorphous at around 675 K instead, and preserving its SOC-induced bandgap despite of band broadening. Stanene undergoes a transition onto a crystalline 3D structure at about 300 K, preserving its SOC-induced electronic band gap up to that temperature. Unlike what is observed in silicene and germanene, stanene readily develops a higher-coordinated structure with a high degree of structural order. The structural phenomena is shown to have deep-reaching consequences for the electronic and vibrational properties of those two dimensional topological insulators.<br />Comment: 16 pages, 21 figures. Originally submitted on December 5, 2022
- Subjects :
- Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Subjects
Details
- Database :
- arXiv
- Journal :
- Phys. Rev. Materials 7, 054008 (2023)
- Publication Type :
- Report
- Accession number :
- edsarx.2303.08237
- Document Type :
- Working Paper
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.054008