Stellar space weather effects on potentially habitable planets

Stellar activity can reveal itself in the form of radiation (eg, enhanced X-ray coronal emission, flares) and particles (eg, winds, coronal mass ejections). Together, these phenomena shape the space weather around (exo)planets. As stars evolve, so do their different forms of activity -- in general, younger solar-like stars have stronger winds, enhanced flare occurrence and likely more frequent coronal mass ejections. Altogether, these effects can create harsher particle and radiation environments for habitable-zone planets, in comparison to Earth, in particular at young ages. In this article, I will review some effects of these harsher environments on potentially habitable exoplanets.
Comment: Accepted for publication in the International Astronomical Union Proceedings Series. This contribution is based on the review talk I gave at the "Focus Meeting 5: Beyond the Goldilocks Zone: the Effect of Stellar Magnetic Activity on Exoplanet Habitability", at the IAU General Assembly in Busan, Rep. of Korea (Aug 2022)