Discovery of a Metal-Poor Red Giant Star with the Highest Ultra-Lithium Enhancement

We present the discovery of 2MASS J05241392-0336543 (hereafter J0524-0336), a very metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-2.43 +- 0.16), highly r-process-enhanced ([Eu/Fe]= +1.34 +- 0.10) Milky Way halo field red giant star, with an ultra high Li abundance of A(Li)(3D,NLTE)= 6.15 +- 0.25 and [Li/Fe]= +7.64 +- 0.25, respectively. This makes J0524-0336 the most lithium-enhanced giant star discovered to date. We present a detailed analysis of the star's atmospheric stellar parameters and chemical abundance determinations. Additionally, we detect indications of infrared excess, as well as observe variable emission in the wings of the H_alpha absorption line across multiple epochs, indicative of a potential enhanced mass-loss event with possible outflows. Our analysis reveals that J0524-0336 lies either between the bump and the tip of the Red Giant Branch (RGB), or on the early-Asymptotic Giant Branch (e-AGB). We investigate the possible sources of lithium enrichment in J0524-0336, including both internal and external sources. Based on current models and on the observational evidence we have collected, our study shows that J0524-0336 may be undergoing the so-called lithium flash that is expected to occur in low-mass stars when they reach the RGB bump and/or the early-AGB.
Comment: 25 pages, 4 tables, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ