Interpreting the $W$ mass anomaly in the vector-like quark models

The new measurement of $W$-boson mass by the CDF collaboration revealed a remarkable $7\sigma$ disagreement with the Standard Model (SM) prediction. If confirmed by other experiments, then the disagreement strongly indicates the existence of new physics beyond the SM. In this work, seven vectorlike quark (VLQ) extensions of the SM are investigated to interpret the anomaly, and it is found that three can explain the anomaly in broad parameter space. The explanations are consistent with the constraints from oblique parameters, the LHC search for VLQs, the measurements of the properties for the top quark, bottom quark, and Higgs boson, and the perturbativity criterion. The typical size of the involved Yukawa coupling is around 1, which is comparable to the top quark Yukawa coupling in the SM. The other extensions, however, either predict a negative correction to the mass in reasonable parameter space or explain the anomaly by unnatural theoretical input parameters.
Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures. A factor 1/2 is added to Eq. 17 (thanks to the comments of Dr. S. P. He), all figures are updated, and the conclusions in the previous version are unchanged. Published in PRD 106 (2022) 5, 055042