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Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

Authors :
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Aguilar, J. A.
Ahlers, M.
Ahrens, M.
Alameddine, J. M.
Alves Jr., A. A.
Amin, N. M.
Andeen, K.
Anderson, T.
Anton, G.
Argüelles, C.
Ashida, Y.
Axani, S.
Bai, X.
V., A. Balagopal
Barwick, S. W.
Bastian, B.
Basu, V.
Baur, S.
Bay, R.
Beatty, J. J.
Becker, K. -H.
Tjus, J. Becker
Beise, J.
Bellenghi, C.
Benda, S.
BenZvi, S.
Berley, D.
Bernardini, E.
Besson, D. Z.
Binder, G.
Bindig, D.
Blaufuss, E.
Blot, S.
Boddenberg, M.
Bontempo, F.
Borowka, J.
Böser, S.
Botner, O.
Böttcher, J.
Bourbeau, E.
Bradascio, F.
Braun, J.
Brinson, B.
Bron, S.
Brostean-Kaiser, J.
Browne, S.
Burgman, A.
Burley, R. T.
Busse, R. S.
Campana, M. A.
Carnie-Bronca, E. G.
Chen, C.
Chen, Z.
Chirkin, D.
Choi, K.
Clark, B. A.
Clark, K.
Classen, L.
Coleman, A.
Collin, G. H.
Conrad, J. M.
Coppin, P.
Correa, P.
Cowen, D. F.
Cross, R.
Dappen, C.
Dave, P.
De Clercq, C.
DeLaunay, J. J.
López, D. Delgado
Dembinski, H.
Deoskar, K.
Desai, A.
Desiati, P.
de Vries, K. D.
de Wasseige, G.
de With, M.
DeYoung, T.
Diaz, A.
Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
Dittmer, M.
Dujmovic, H.
Dunkman, M.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ehrhardt, T.
Eller, P.
Engel, R.
Erpenbeck, H.
Evans, J.
Evenson, P. A.
Fan, K. L.
Fazely, A. R.
Fedynitch, A.
Feigl, N.
Fiedlschuster, S.
Fienberg, A. T.
Finley, C.
Fischer, L.
Fox, D.
Franckowiak, A.
Friedman, E.
Fritz, A.
Fürst, P.
Gaisser, T. K.
Gallagher, J.
Ganster, E.
Garcia, A.
Garrappa, S.
Gerhardt, L.
Ghadimi, A.
Glaser, C.
Glauch, T.
Glüsenkamp, T.
Gonzalez, J. G.
Goswami, S.
Grant, D.
Grégoire, T.
Griswold, S.
Günther, C.
Gutjahr, P.
Haack, C.
Hallgren, A.
Halliday, R.
Halve, L.
Halzen, F.
Minh, M. Ha
Hanson, K.
Hardin, J.
Harnisch, A. A.
Haungs, A.
Hebecker, D.
Helbing, K.
Henningsen, F.
Hettinger, E. C.
Hickford, S.
Hignight, J.
Hill, C.
Hill, G. C.
Hoffman, K. D.
Hoffmann, R.
Hoshina, K.
Huang, F.
Huber, M.
Huber, T.
Hultqvist, K.
Hünnefeld, M.
Hussain, R.
Hymon, K.
In, S.
Iovine, N.
Ishihara, A.
Jansson, M.
Japaridze, G. S.
Jeong, M.
Jin, M.
Jones, B. J. P.
Kang, D.
Kang, W.
Kang, X.
Kappes, A.
Kappesser, D.
Kardum, L.
Karg, T.
Karl, M.
Karle, A.
Katz, U.
Kauer, M.
Kellermann, M.
Kelley, J. L.
Kheirandish, A.
Kin, K.
Kintscher, T.
Kiryluk, J.
Klein, S. R.
Koirala, R.
Kolanoski, H.
Kontrimas, T.
Köpke, L.
Kopper, C.
Kopper, S.
Koskinen, D. J.
Koundal, P.
Kovacevich, M.
Kowalski, M.
Kozynets, T.
Kun, E.
Kurahashi, N.
Lad, N.
Gualda, C. Lagunas
Lanfranchi, J. L.
Larson, M. J.
Lauber, F.
Lazar, J. P.
Lee, J. W.
Leonard, K.
Leszczyńska, A.
Li, Y.
Lincetto, M.
Liu, Q. R.
Liubarska, M.
Lohfink, E.
Mariscal, C. J. Lozano
Lu, L.
Lucarelli, F.
Ludwig, A.
Luszczak, W.
Lyu, Y.
Ma, W. Y.
Madsen, J.
Mahn, K. B. M.
Makino, Y.
Mancina, S.
Mari{ş}, I. C.
Martinez-Soler, I.
Maruyama, R.
McCarthy, S.
McElroy, T.
McNally, F.
Mead, J. V.
Meagher, K.
Mechbal, S.
Medina, A.
Meier, M.
Meighen-Berger, S.
Micallef, J.
Mockler, D.
Montaruli, T.
Moore, R. W.
Morse, R.
Moulai, M.
Naab, R.
Nagai, R.
Naumann, U.
Necker, J.
Nguy{\~{ê}}n, L. V.
Niederhausen, H.
Nisa, M. U.
Nowicki, S. C.
Pollmann, A. Obertacke
Oehler, M.
Oeyen, B.
Olivas, A.
O'Sullivan, E.
Pandya, H.
Pankova, D. V.
Park, N.
Parker, G. K.
Paudel, E. N.
Paul, L.
Heros, C. Pérez de los
Peters, L.
Peterson, J.
Philippen, S.
Pieper, S.
Pittermann, M.
Pizzuto, A.
Plum, M.
Popovych, Y.
Porcelli, A.
Rodriguez, M. Prado
Pries, B.
Przybylski, G. T.
Raab, C.
Rack-Helleis, J.
Raissi, A.
Rameez, M.
Rawlins, K.
Rea, I. C.
Rechav, Z.
Rehman, A.
Reichherzer, P.
Reimann, R.
Renzi, G.
Resconi, E.
Reusch, S.
Rhode, W.
Richman, M.
Riedel, B.
Roberts, E. J.
Robertson, S.
Roellinghoff, G.
Rongen, M.
Rott, C.
Ruhe, T.
Ryckbosch, D.
Cantu, D. Rysewyk
Safa, I.
Saffer, J.
Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
Sandrock, A.
Santander, M.
Sarkar, S.
Satalecka, K.
Schaufel, M.
Schieler, H.
Schindler, S.
Schmidt, T.
Schneider, A.
Schneider, J.
Schröder, F. G.
Schumacher, L.
Schwefer, G.
Sclafani, S.
Seckel, D.
Seunarine, S.
Sharma, A.
Shefali, S.
Shimizu, N.
Silva, M.
Skrzypek, B.
Smithers, B.
Snihur, R.
Soedingrekso, J.
Soldin, D.
Spannfellner, C.
Spiczak, G. M.
Spiering, C.
Stachurska, J.
Stamatikos, M.
Stanev, T.
Stein, R.
Stettner, J.
Stezelberger, T.
Stürwald, T.
Stuttard, T.
Sullivan, G. W.
Taboada, I.
Ter-Antonyan, S.
Thwaites, J.
Tilav, S.
Tischbein, F.
Tollefson, K.
Tönnis, C.
Toscano, S.
Tosi, D.
Trettin, A.
Tselengidou, M.
Tung, C. F.
Turcati, A.
Turcotte, R.
Turley, C. F.
Twagirayezu, J. P.
Ty, B.
Elorrieta, M. A. Unland
Valtonen-Mattila, N.
Vandenbroucke, J.
van Eijndhoven, N.
Vannerom, D.
van Santen, J.
Veitch-Michaelis, J.
Verpoest, S.
Walck, C.
Wang, W.
Watson, T. B.
Weaver, C.
Weigel, P.
Weindl, A.
Weiss, M. J.
Weldert, J.
Wendt, C.
Werthebach, J.
Weyrauch, M.
Whitehorn, N.
Wiebusch, C. H.
Williams, D. R.
Wolf, M.
Wrede, G.
Wulff, J.
Xu, X. W.
Yanez, J. P.
Yildizci, E.
Yoshida, S.
Yu, S.
Yuan, T.
Zhang, Z.
Zhelnin, P.
Source :
Phys. Rev. D 106, 032010 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 m and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 m and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 PeV and 40 PeV and between 9 PeV and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 PeV and about 100 PeV.<br />Comment: 20 pages, 17 captioned figures

Details

Database :
arXiv
Journal :
Phys. Rev. D 106, 032010 (2022)
Publication Type :
Report
Accession number :
edsarx.2201.12635
Document Type :
Working Paper
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010