Lattice simulations of the QCD chiral transition at real $\mu_B$

Most lattice studies of hot and dense QCD matter rely on extrapolation from zero or imaginary chemical potentials. The ill-posedness of numerical analytic continuation puts severe limitations on the reliability of such methods. We studied the QCD chiral transition at finite real baryon density with the more direct sign reweighting approach. We simulate up to a baryochemical potential-temperature ratio of $\mu_B/T=2.7$, covering the RHIC Beam Energy Scan range, and penetrating the region where methods based on analytic continuation are unpredictive.This opens up a new window to study QCD matter at finite $\mu_B$ from first principles.
Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; Contribution to the XXXIII International (ONLINE) Workshop on High Energy Physics "Hard Problems of Hadron Physics: Non-Perturbative QCD & Related Quests"; Based on 2108.09213 [hep-lat]. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2112.02134