Odd dynamics of living chiral crystals

Active crystals are highly ordered structures that emerge from the self-organization of motile objects, and have been widely studied in synthetic and bacterial active matter. Whether collective crystallization phenomena can occur in groups of autonomously developing multicellular organisms is currently unknown. Here, we show that swimming starfish embryos spontaneously assemble into chiral crystals that span thousands of spinning organisms and persist for tens of hours. Combining experiments, theory, and simulations, we demonstrate that the formation, dynamics, and dissolution of these living crystals are controlled by the hydrodynamic properties and natural development of embryos. Remarkably, living chiral crystals exhibit self-sustained chiral oscillations as well as various unconventional deformation response behaviors recently predicted for odd elastic materials. Our results provide direct experimental evidence for how nonreciprocal interactions between autonomous multicellular components may facilitate novel nonequilibrium phases of chiral active matter.
Comment: Main: 13 pages, 4 figures / Supplement: 47 pages, 18 figures / Fixed figure compatibility and references, Corrected affiliations