2-generated axial algebras of Monster type

We provide the basic setup for the project, initiated by Felix Rehren, aiming at classifying all 2-generated axial algebras of Monster type $(\alpha,\beta)$ over a field $\mathbb F$. Using this, we first show that every such algebra has dimension at most 8, except for the case $(\alpha,\beta)=(2,\tfrac{1}{2})$, where the Highwater algebra provides examples of dimension $n$, for all $n\in {\mathbb N}\cup \{\infty\}$. We then classify all 2-generated axial algebras of Monster type $(\alpha,\beta)$ over ${\mathbb Q}(\alpha,\beta)$, for $\alpha$ and $\beta$ algebraically independent over $\mathbb Q$. Finally, we generalise the Norton-Sakuma Theorem to every primitive $2$-generated axial algebra of Monster type $(\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{32})$ over a field of characteristic zero, dropping the hypothesis on the existence of a Frobenius form.
Comment: 40 pages, the paper has been completely revised in order to make it easier to read. We improved the results of the previous versions, proving the existence of a bound for the dimension on the algebra also in the case $\alpha=4\beta$, $\alpha\neq 2$