Geometric Phases in Majorana Zero-Energy State

The usual Berry phase for a Majorana zero-energy state is zero. In this manuscript, we propose a generalized geometric phase for Majorana zero-energy state, which is non-zero for the electron or hole, respectively. We calculate these non-zero geometric phases in a Ferromagnet (FI)/Topological Insulator (TI)/Superconductor (SC) hybrid system, whose magnetization can be manipulated by changing adiabatically the spin degree of freedom. The non-zero geometric phases have potential application on the topological quantum computation treatment of Majorana zero-energy modes. We also discuss the non-adiabatic geometric phase associated with Majorana zero-energy state by the path integral method.
Comment: 15pages,1figure