Quantitative estimation of effective viscosity in quantum turbulence

We study freely decaying quantum turbulence by performing high resolution numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) in the Taylor-Green geometry. We use resolutions ranging from $1024^3$ to $4096^3$ grid points. The energy spectrum confirms the presence of both a Kolmogorov scaling range for scales larger than the intervortex scale $\ell$, and a second inertial range for scales smaller than $\ell$. Vortex line visualizations show the existence of substructures formed by a myriad of small-scale knotted vortices. Next, we study finite temperature effects in the decay of quantum turbulence by using the stochastic Ginzburg-Landau equation to generate thermal states, and then by evolving a combination of these thermal states with the Taylor-Green initial conditions using the GPE. We extract the mean free path out of these simulations by measuring the spectral broadening in the Bogoliubov dispersion relation obtained from spatio-temporal spectra, and use it to quantify the effective viscosity as a function of the temperature. Finally, in order to compare the decay of high temperature quantum and that of classical flows, and to further calibrate the estimations of viscosity from the mean free path in the GPE simulations, we perform low Reynolds number simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Comment: 15 figures, Supplemental material: Video M1 and M2