Turing-Hopf bifurcation and spatio-temporal patterns of a ratio-dependent Holling-Tanner system with diffusion

A diffusive ratio-dependent Holling-Tanner system subject to Neumann boundary conditions is considered. The existence of multiple bifurcations, including Turing-Hopf bifurcation, Turing-Truing bifurcation, Hopf-double-Turing bifurcation and triple-Turing bifurcation, are given. Among them, the Turing-Hopf bifurcation are carried out in details by the normal form method. We theoretically prove that the system exists various spatio-temporal patterns, such as, non-constant steady state, the spatially inhomogeneous periodic or quasi-periodic solution, etc. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Comment: 26 pages