Incommensurate phases of a bosonic two-leg ladder under a flux

A boson two--leg ladder in the presence of a synthetic magnetic flux is investigated by means of bosonization techniques and Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). We follow the quantum phase transition from the commensurate Meissner to the incommensurate vortex phase with increasing flux at different fillings. When the applied flux is $\rho \pi$ and close to it, where $\rho$ is the filling per rung, we find a second incommensuration in the vortex state that affects physical observables such as the momentum distribution, the rung-rung correlation function and the spin-spin and charge-charge static structure factors.
Comment: 19 pages, 9 EPS figures, RevTeX 4 (v1); 20 pages, 10 EPS figures, improved section on mean-field theory (v2)