Extracting quantum work statistics and fluctuation theorems by single qubit interferometry

We propose an experimental scheme to verify the quantum non-equilibrium fluctuation relations using current technology. Specifically, we show that the characteristic function of the work distribution for a non-equilibrium quench of a general quantum system can be extracted from Ramsey interferometry of a single probe qubit. Our scheme paves the way for the full characterisation of non-equilibrium processes in a variety of complex quantum systems ranging from single particles to many-body atomic systems and spin chains. We demonstrate our idea using a time-dependent quench of the motional state of a trapped ion, where the internal pseudo-spin provides a convenient probe qubit.
Comment: 4.5 pages. 2 Figures. See related paper "Measuring the characteristic function of the work distribution" by L. Mazzola et al. This version - additional analysis undertaken