Organization of the city's market of housing and communal services and practice its regulation abroad

У статті розглянуто досвід розвитку ринку послуг у житлово-комунальній сфері міста за кордоном. Узагальнено підходи до організації ринку житлово-комунальних послуг міста і практику його регулювання у країнах ЄС, а також досвід використання інструментів інноваційного розвитку та управління об'єктами у сфері життєзабезпечення міста. Визначено можливості впровадження зарубіжного досвіду в практику розвитку ринку житлово-комунальних послуг українських міст.
В статье рассмотрен опыт развития рынка услуг в жилищно-коммунальной сфере города за рубежом. Обобщены подходы к организации рынка жилищно-коммунальных услуг города и практика его регулирования в странах ЕС, а также опыт использования инструментов инновационного развития и управления объектами в сфере жизнеобеспечения города. Определены возможности внедрения зарубежного опыта в практику развития рынка жилищно-коммунальных услуг украинских городов.
The article examines foreign experience in the development of the market of services in city's housing and communal sphere from the perspective of its using in Ukraine. The role and place of the market of services in city's housing and communal sphere are characterized. The approaches to the organization of the market of housing and communal services used in developed countries are analyzed. These approaches are based on the use of various forms of management of communal infrastructure, which allows sharing the responsibilities and risks between the state and private business. It was determined that when managing such objects of city's life support as housing stock and communal enterprises, the foreign experience is especially of great importance. The attention is focused on the experience in the development of homeowners' institutions; public-private partnership; advanced training of persons employed in the housing and communal sphere; competition in the markets of housing and communal services. The grounds are given in favor of using in Ukraine the practice of regulation of the market of housing and communal services of EU countries. The regulation allows to ensure the effective interaction of customers and service providers, promotes the development of the market of managing companies in the housing infrastructure and the use of public administration mechanisms. The tools of innovative development of the market of housing and communal services, used in Germany and Sweden, are described. They are aimed at taking into account the economic interests of service consumers (quality of services) and service producers (production and economic requirements for securing the profitability of communal enterprises), as well as organizing effective interaction between local authorities and the population on the management of housing stock and adjacent territories. The above aspects of the development of the market of housing and communal services abroad are brought into a system and reflected in the corresponding table. The table also shows whether it is possible to adapt the foreign experience to the Ukrainian conditions in which the market of services in the housing and communal sphere is operating, taking into account the growth of the quality of life of the population .Further research should be addressed the problems of de-monopolization of separate segments of city's market of housing and communal services.