МАЛЫЙ БИЗНЕС – ИНСТРУМЕНТ ДИВЕРСИФИКАЦИИ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА

Each country has to take its advantages for economic development and competitiveness on the international scene. For Ukraine, one of them is significant reserves of chernozem, which cover almost half of its territory. Chernozem is the most fertile soil, and therefore the conditions for the development of the agro-sector in our country are quite favorable. Nowadays, the agrarian sector already plays an important role in the domestic economy, but the potential is not fully used. An analysis of export tariff quotas on certain types of products for EU countries has shown insufficient use of them. This indicates the presence of free niches on the market that could be taken by small business representatives. However, given the problems faced by businessmen, there is a need for help from the state to overcome them. The agrarian sector plays an important role in the economy of our country and includes a wide range of products of plant and animal origin. Most of the domestic industry representatives produce grain crops, taking leading positions on an international scene. The domestic consumer market is difficult to name volumetric, however, even it is not completely filled with Ukrainian products. Small businesses could occupy vacant niches and satisfy domestic demand, but in the long term external demand as well as. However, they need help from government bodies or specialized non-profit organizations since there are certain problems with the legal framework, attraction of financing, etc. Analyzing the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector of our country, it should be noted its comparative stability. Since 2013, due to the crisis, domestic enterprises have been experiencing difficult times, which is reflected in their financial results, output, sales figures, etc. However, in general, the agrarian sector survived and reported on steady growth; only in 2015, there was a slight decrease in the results compared to 2014. It should be noted that the positive trend was due to products of plant origin since livestock breeding reduced. By 2013, the production of meat and eggs was growing, volumes of dairy were fluctuating, and volumes of wool were declining altogether. Since the beginning of the next year, the situation has changed dramatically: producers of eggs and milk have born the biggest losses. The meat industry has lost only 30 thsd. tons, however, its production structure has changed somewhat: inflation had affected the consumer market, and buyers began to prefer poultry meat because it is cheaper. It is the opportunity to refocus on bird breeding has allowed entrepreneurs not only to save themselves from significant losses but also to recover from the crisis earlier than others. The evidence of this is seen by a slight increase in output in 2016, while other industry players continued to report on reducing outputs, in some cases slowed down its pace. In the sphere of crop production situation is somewhat different: almost all subsectors report about growth, and producers of grains and pulses have collected the biggest output since independence and indeed in the history of Ukraine - 66 088 thsd. tons. The entrepreneurs engaged in growing fruits and berries reduced output, although it is difficult to say that this is a consequence of the crisis since earlier their volumes fluctuated each year. Tariff quotas, which Ukraine has got for export of products to the European Union countries, could become a tool to increase livestock profitability. However, for our entrepreneurs, a mandatory licensing has become a barrier, and a significant part of domestic meat does not meet international requirements. According to the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, in 2016, we were given quotas for delivery of 40 thsd. tons of pork, 12 thsd. tons of beef, 1.5 thsd. tons of lamb, but no delivery of products took place. The quota for the supply of chicken was used partly - 24.6 thsd. tons from possible 36 thsd. tons. At the same time, the quota for the supply of wheat (950 thsd. tons), corn (400 thsd. tons), barley (250 thsd. tons). sugar (20 thsd. tons) and some other positions was used completely. Compared to 2015, the situation has almost not changed, only dairy producers have improved their position since in 2016 they already received quality certificates, but still the majority of the quotas they received remained free. The non-use of the quotas is a lost benefit both for entrepreneurs and for Ukraine as a whole. Therefore, state bodies have to help to facilitate activities in these directions. Given that some quotas are small in volume and large companies are not interested in them, it is advisable to involve small businesses in their use. Agrarian support programs exist in every developed country, because they are aware of the importance of industry development. In these programs, special attention is paid to small and medium-sized businesses, because they have certain benefits, such as flexibility, innovation, etc. The budget for 2017 was set at UAH 3.7 bln to support the development of farmers, including 2.2 bln from the general fund and 1.5 bln from the special one. Support is provided in the following areas: - financial incentives for agrarians - UAH 1 473 mln; - reimbursement of interest on loans - UAH 300 mln; - assistance to producers of animal products - UAH 210 mln; - provision of new plantings of grapes, berries and young gardens - UAH 75 mln; - holding of events (fairs, congresses, etc.) in the agrarian sector - UAH 55 mln; - concessional lending of farms - UAH 25 mln. At the same time, EUR 400 mln was given by the European Investment Bank for projects in the agrarian sector. Thus, it is possible to state the presence of certain programs and the interest of state bodies in the development of the agrarian sector. However, the limited financial resources are reflected on the quality of these programs - they are not able to fully meet demand and cover all areas of business. Therefore, it is advisable to analyze the existing measures and those carried out in the developed countries of the world and, based on this, select the most effective instruments of both economic and administrative influence that will accelerate the development of small enterprises and the agrarian sector in general. But the restrictions on measures of the World Trade Organization should be taken into account, which affect the volumes of production or product prices and do not lead to increase in resource efficiency.
Проанализированы состояние и динамика развития аграрного сектора, оценено его влияние на общее экономическое положение Украины. Определены основные причины диспропорционального развития растениеводства и животноводства и предложены меры по ликвидации дестимулирующих факторов, сдерживающих темп роста сектора. Исследована роль малого бизнеса в количественных и качественных показателях отечественных агропредприятий. Охарактеризована действующая политика поддержки бизнеса и предоставлены предложения по ее совершенствованию
Проаналізовано стан і динаміку розвитку аграрного сектору, оцінено його вплив на загальне економічне становище України. Визначено основні причини диспропорційного розвитку рослинництва і тваринництва та запропоновано заходи щодо ліквідації дестимулюючих факторів, які стримують темп зростання сектору. Досліджено роль малого бізнесу в кількісних і якісних показниках вітчизняних агропідприємств. Охарактеризовано діючу політику підтримки бізнесу та надані пропозиції щодо її вдосконалення.